Turbulent particle-gas feedback exacerbates the hazard impacts of pyroclastic density currents
A new paper reports on the discovery of the role of particle-gas coupling processes in pyroclastic density currents in exacerbating and controlling hazard intensities.
Prof. Gert Lube and his group at Massey University published an article in the prestigious Nature journal, Communications Earth & Environment. The article entitled ‘Turbulent particle-gas feedback exacerbates the hazard impacts of pyroclastic density currents(external link)’ reports on the discovery of the role of particle-gas coupling processes in pyroclastic density currents in exacerbating and controlling hazard intensities.
Causing one-third of all volcanic fatalities, pyroclastic density currents create destruction far beyond current scientific explanation. Opportunities to interrogate the mechanisms behind this hazard have long been desired, but pyroclastic density currents persistently defy internal observation.
In the paper, the authors show, through direct measurements of destruction-causing dynamic pressure in large-scale experiments, that pressure maxima exceed theoretical values used in hazard assessments by more than one order of magnitude. These distinct pressure excursions occur through the clustering of high-momentum particles at the peripheries of coherent turbulence structures. Particle loading modifies these eddies and generates repeated high-pressure loading impacts at the frequency of the turbulence structures. Collisions of particle clusters against stationary objects generate even higher dynamic pressures that account for up to 75% of the local flow energy.
To prevent severe underestimation of damage intensities, these multiphase feedback processes must be considered in hazard models that aim to mitigate volcanic risk globally.
